ABSTRACT
Objective:To determine the distribution and epidemic characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Jinshan District of Shanghai from 2016 through 2018. Methods:Serotype analysis，examination of virulence genes， including thermolabilehemolysin（TLH），thermostable direct hemolysin（TDH），and TDH related hemolysin（TRH），and antimicrobial susceptibility test and pulsed field gel electrophoresis （PFGE） molecular typing were performed on 218 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from diarrhea patients. Results:A total of 218 strains were divided into 8 groups and 21 serotypes. Of them， 147 strains were serotyped，with O3：K6 as the most common serotype （57.3%）. All tested strains were divided into 25 clusters based on the similarity of 85% and above，in which the dominant cluster was JSVP02，and the total similarity was 56.3%-100.0%. Two hundred and one strains （92.2%） carried tdh gene，13 strains （6.0%） carried trh gene，and 7 strains were negative for both tdh and trh. A total of 35 strains were completely sensitive to 17 kinds of antibiotics，while the remaining 183 strains showed different drug resistance. Conclusion:Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from diarrhea patients in Jinshan District from 2016 through 2018 is diverse. Majority of the strains have TDH gene and are resistant to the first generation cephalosporins such as cefazolin and penicillin ampicillin. Construction of regional PFGE molecular typing database will facilitate screening，identification and early warning of high-risk strains.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Comparing the quality among five species of Angelicae Radix (Danggui) samples, i.e. Chinese Danggui (CDG, the roots of Angelica sinensis), Japanese Danggui (JDG, the roots of A. acutiloba), Korean Danggui (KDG, the roots of A. gigas), Lovage root (LR, the roots of Levisticum officinale), and Angelica archangelica root (AAR, the roots of A. archangelica) by evaluating the contents of their bioactive components. Methods: The 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method (DNS method) was developed to quantify the amount of polysaccharides in a total of 46 species of Angelicae Radix collected from different countries based on the optimization of sampling, comparing the differences of polysaccharide among various species of Angelicae Radix, etc. Results: The contents of polysaccharides were found to be significantly different among the five species of Angelicae Radix. The order from high to low amount was AAR (162.5 mg/g, n=9), LR (142.3 mg/g, n=4), JDG (126.8 mg/g, n=13), KDG (126.8 mg/g, n=13), and CDG (80.75 mg/g, n=12). For JDG sample, the contents of polysaccharide were significant variety among samples cultivated in Japan (131.37 mg/g, n=3), China (184.29 mg/g, n=4), and Korea (94.98 mg/g, n=4). Conclusion: The developed DNS method is suitable to accurately quantify the amount of polysaccharide in Angelicae Radix. The pharmaceutical efficacy is variety among the five Angelicae Radix resulting from the various contents of polysaccharide. These herbs can not be mixed or substituted in clinical use.